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The Maitland® concept is one of the world's most popular manual therapy methods and is accredited by IFOMT. It combines therapeutic techniques that act on joints, muscles and nerve tissue. Maitland refers to manual therapy in both the initial and later stages of treating joint, muscle and nervous system disorders. The concept combines an individual and specific therapeutic approach with the clinical experience of the therapist and the latest scientific discoveries.
It is a concept of examination and treatment of the patient. It deals with: diagnosis and treatment of structural disorders of the musculoskeletal system (joints, muscles, nerves). Thanks to an elaborate differential examination scheme, the physiotherapist is able, by means of a detailed history and examination, to find the disturbed structures, determine the degree of their damage and analyze the mechanisms of the appearance of the ailment. Thus, he hypothes a structural disorder in the patient. Treatment involves restoring the physiological symbiosis between joints, muscles and nerve structures. The following techniques are used as treatment: joint mobilization, neuromobilization of nerve structures, treatment of soft tissues (i.e. muscles, ligaments, tendons), as well as medical functional training using training devices adapted to the patients' problems.
PNF is a concept that has its own philosophy and principles for working with the patient. The primary goal of therapy is to work on the function that the patient needs. Muscle strength, range of motion - the things that are important in traditional therapeutic management - are only a means to an end, which is function. How often we forget this in our daily practice. This concept recommends viewing the patient holistically, using strong and healthy regions of the body for therapy. This makes it possible to take full advantage of the body's reserves, motivates the patient to keep going, and most importantly ensures painless work, without traumatizing mental and physical sensations. The patient should be a partner of the physiotherapist, defining the scope and limits of the activity. He is the one who sets the goals of therapy. The therapist has an advisory role in this case. With this approach, the patient, even with severe dysfunction, maintains good motivation and is positive about cooperating with the therapist.
Neurodevelopmental therapy is a broad and evolving concept in neurological rehabilitation that involves the evaluation and treatment of patients (children and adults) with disorders of nervous system function. The Bobath method is named after its creators - a married couple, Karel (psychiatrist, neuropsychologist) and Bertha (physiotherapist) Bobath, who, while treating patients with cerebral palsy and after strokes, sought to restore motor system function through re-education.
The FDM method is based on the premise that fascial deformations (distortions) are the primary cause of musculoskeletal dysfunction. The key diagnostic element is body language expressed by six fascial deformations. The FDM method is highly effective in treating such injuries as:
It is used in sports injuries and other orthopedic ailments. The assumptions of the method are based on the knowledge and recognition of the types of disorders of the structure, and therefore the fascia. According to the author, these disorders are more relevant to the factors that cause pain and movement restrictions. Therefore, it can be concluded that the treatment of damage to fascial structures directly affects the other components of the musculoskeletal system. As a result, they reduce or eliminate pain, mobility restrictions or swelling.
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